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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Equation
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1992-09-02
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Mathematical expression that represents the
equality of two expressions involving
constants and/or variables, and thus usually
includes an equals sign (=). For example, the
equation A = `pi'r^2 equates the area A of a
circle of radius r to the product `pi'r^2.
The algebraic equation y = mx + c is the
general one in coordinate geometry for a
straight line. The chemical equation 2H2O =
2H2 + O2 represents the decomposition of
water by electrolysis into its constituent
elements. A chemical equation must `balance';
that is, a given element must have the same
total number of atoms on one side of the
equation as on the other (thus there are four
atoms of hydrogen on each side of the above
equation). Chemical equations are often
written with an arrow or arrows (instead of
an equals sign) to indicate the direction of
the reaction; thus 2H2O = 2H2 + O2. If a
mathematical equation is true for all
variables in a given domain, it is sometimes
called an identity, and denoted by `equiv'.
Thus (x + y)2 `equiv' x2 + 2xy + y2 for all
x, y `e' R. An indeterminate equation is an
equation for which there is an infinite set
of solutions - for example, 2x = y. A
diophantine equation is an indeterminate
equation in which the solution and terms must
be whole numbers (after Diophantos of
Alexandria, c. AD 250).